EL PAÍS

Hallada una proteína clave en el proceso infeccioso de la malaria                           8 MAY 2015

1)    SCIENTIFIC FIELD:

The scientific field of this article is about the scientific investigation of strange diseases.
It is based on a way to study rare diseases that have no medical solution because it hasn’t been discovered yet and by this way help people saving their lives.

2)    SUMMARY:

It is known that the moment that determinates the malaria disease is that moment when the virus attacks the red blood cells so a research is being made in order to avoid that situation.
Researchers have found that there is a protein in the surface of this cells which allows to the virus enter and cause the damage, so if this protein disappear, the disease wouldn’t be successful or if we block the protein we could stop the disease from its extension.
All this theories have been proved with manipulated mother cells, and they are right.
At the moment this solution is not taking place anywhere because they have to define the strategy in order to stop the infection and it not seems possible until a few years later.

3)    CRITICAL VALUATION:

In my point of view this new project has been a great  advance to help a lot of people who has been suffering for this rare disease which has no medical answer.
By this way patients of this disease could be cured but as we can see in the article it not seems near in time so everybody has to wait until a possible solution gets ready, because is only a possibility not a sure solution. 
I think it is a very good idea to try this treatment but I think that the researchers should receive an economical help to make possible the waste of all the materials in the experiment.
Thanks to this, in a future we probably have a solution to save all the people from the malaria nevertheless it probably would not be cheap to afford it.

4)    GLOSSARY OF SOME ASPECTS:

- Inoculated:  enter in the organism the virus or bacteria from a 
                         contagious disease by artificial ways

- Plasmodium: plurinuclear plasma mass arising from the merger of
                           several cells.

- Harvard School of Public Health:   Experts from many disciplines
   are educating new generations of global health leaders and taking
   innovative ideas from the laboratory to people’s lives.   

- Broad Institute of Boston: is a collaborative community that
                                                  pioneers a new model of biomedical
                                                  science.

-  Erythrocyte: Blood cell round or oval and red containing
                          hemoglobin and is responsible for transporting
                          oxygen to all parts of the body.  

-  CD55: protein found on the surface of red blood cells, and it
               answers to signals from the plasmodium.

-  Mother cells:  biological cells that can differentiate into specialized
                             cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce
                             more stem cells.

EL PAÍS

Científicos de toda Europa
piden prohibir los coches
más contaminantes 1 MAY 2015

1)    SCIENTIFIC FIELD:

The scientific field of this article is the environmental one. It is based on the study of the pollution that is produced by an entire city and it is also based on the research of possible solutions which may be able to reduce the pollution.

2)    SUMMARY:

The World Health Organization has made a research that proves that one of 8 deaths in the world is caused by the pollution produced by cars, builds, industries, … .
Because of that seven scientific institutions have recommended to create low emission zones in where the transport of diesel vehicles is banned.
Another fact is that the prices of this polluting energy sources have raised in order to consume less but because of that, people and industries have bought a substitute called pellet, which is cheaper but pollutes a lot and has become a big problem to the environment.

3)    CRITICAL VALUATION:

In my point of view this research has been a great help to make us notice the big problems that are caused in this world by the fossil fuels.
The solution of ban diesel vehicles to promote the use of electric cars possibility has been the best and harder to achieve but I see it like a fantastic idea to reduce the pollution.
By other hand there is the solution of create “green zones” without emission which is fantastic and there is also the solution of rise the prices of fossil fuels, which is not good because people will buy other types of energy which are cheaper but worse to the environment so I do not see it like a good solution.
I think that the state should give economical help to the citizens to be able to afford the change of their old car to another new and electric and by this way everybody will be contributing and the change would be possible.

4)    GLOSSARY OF SOME ASPECTS:

- OMS:  is the agency of the United Nations
              specialized in managing policies for prevention, health promotion
              and intervention worldwide.

- CSIC: Superior Council for Scientific Research is the largest public
            institution dedicated to research in Spain and the third in Europe. Its
            main objective is to develop and promote research to benefit the
            scientific and technological progress , for which it is open to
            collaboration with Spanish and foreign entities

-PROJECT AIRUSE :The main objective of the project is to provide to the
                                 National Authorities of Southern European countries the
                                 appropriate measures to reduce PM2.5 and PM10
                                 concentrations in air.

- PELLETS:  It made ​​from natural dry
                    sawdust without any
                    additive , as the
                    lignin itself containing
                    sawdust as a binder is used ,
                    compressing the sawdust to
                    a high pressure to form the
                    pellets , causing the pellets
                    have  dense and hard composition .
                   Thereby achieving high calorific value . 

- FOSSIL FUELS: energy not renovable that comes from the biomass and was
                            produced millions of years ago. It went through major
                            transformation processes to the formation of high –energy
                            substances such as coal , oil , or natural gas, etc.

EL PAÍS

Descubierta una proteína
que dobla la vida en ratones
envejecidos  6 ABR 2015

1)    SCIENTIFIC FIELD:

The scientific field of this article is the microbiological one. It is based on the study of a protein which might be useful to extend the length of our lives.

2)    SUMMARY:

A team from the National Center for Cancer Research has found a possible hope to combat the effects of ageing. This hope is called Rrm2, a protein which activates the production of nucleotides and seems able to fight versus the ageing.
This team used mice modified genetically in order to experiment with mice affected by the syndrome of premature ageing which is similar to the humans’ disease called Seckel syndrome.
When they experimented with these mice, they saw that they also had a lot of protein Rrm2 and that was the key to solve the problem of ageing.

3)    CRITICAL VALUATION:

In my point of view this new experiment has been a great advance in this world to help a lot of people with problems caused by the age.
This possibility has been proved only in mice with the syndrome of premature ageing so it is possible to not work in humans.
Until everything works, a lot of experiments have to be made to prove it but it not always succeed and it can be a hope that goes to nowhere.
It will need economical help so it would be fantastic to give donations to this human cause if the probability to succeed is very high, if not a lot of money will be wasted in a false hope.
Maybe not everyone will have the opportunity to access to this possible solution because their economic situation so in my opinion, they should receive economic help from the state in case they need.

4) GLOSSARY OF SOME ASPECTS:

- CNIO: The National center of Cancer
            Research is a Spanish public institution
            dedicated to research diagnostic and treatment of Breast Cancer.

- Folic acid: is a water soluble vitamin in complex of vitamins B, required
                         for the formation of structural proteins and hemoglobin.

- Genomic Instability: random variations that modify the normal number of
                                       chromosomes.

- Rrm2:  type of protein

- ATR: molecule responsible for repairing the genome

- Seckel syndrome: congenital and hereditary disease that is included in
                                   rare diseases by low frequency

 

Nasa choose some experiments for the project “Luna Europa”

Astronomy

http://www.abc.es/ciencia/20150527/abci-nasa-luna-europa-201505271401.html

Día 29/05/2015 - 13.16h

Summary

In this new explain us that Scientifics have chosen some new tools to arrive at Europa, the moon in Jupiter. Some of these tools are for example cameras to photography and show better the composition of this far moon. This investigation it’s for confirm if life could exist there.

Vocabulary

Eruption: to burst forth

Crest: the highest part of a hill or mountain range
summit.

Oasis: an area in a desert region where plants and trees can grow, usually having a spring or we

Personal View

Little by little, step by step we are knowing and meeting the huge Universe in where we live. Know all this “world” It’s so difficult but little researches like this bring us the opportunity to know more.

We can see, also, the importance of the technology to carry on knowing new things about all our life, and about the place where we live.

Chimpanzee can also cook as us

http://www.abc.es/ciencia/20150603/abci-chimpance-cocinar-estudio-201506021833.html

Biology

Día 03/06/2015 - 12.12h

Summary

In this new explain us that the most close animal of us, chimpanzee, prefer the cook food and know the transformation of foodstuff. This knowledge is known by a studio published in “Proceedings of the Royal Society B”

Vocabulary

Primate: a bishop ranking first among the bishops of a province or country.

Sweet Potato: a convolvulaceous twining plant, Ipomoea batatas, of tropical America, cultivated in the tropics for its edible fleshy yellow root

Pressing: demanding immediate attention

Personal View

In my opinion this new can show us the closeness from animals than us, I mean, that sometimes we mistreat the animals because we think that they are “lower”, for example we use some rats to investigate about illnesses. This new explain and show us that animals are in the same conditions like us, and they are much similar than we think.

On the other hand we can see that technology can give us the knowledge about some animals and new discovers.

14 NEW

14 NOTICIA:

Frikiciencia

HEADLINE:  Frikiciencia

DATE OF PUBLICATION:  31-05-2015 (00:05) 

LINK: http://cultura.elpais.com/cultura/2015/05/29/television/1432898360_437350.html

SCIENTIFIC AREA: culture

SUMMARY:

This news wants us to reflect that many times not everything what comes out on TV is bad, just that viewers have to find the meaning to the programs as in the case of Big Bang Theory where we try to make reasoning about experiments several and not only see how four geeks make experiments.

GLOSSARY:

Esteorotype: Image or idea commonly accepted by a group or society with immutable nature.

CRITICAL ASSESSMENT:

En esta noticia nos enseña como realmente mucha gente se toma las cosas como que todo lo que sale por las noticias exceptuando las noticias nada es verdad ni tiene sentido. Este es el ejemplo de una serie que a la vez que quiere hacer reír tanto a un público juvenil como ya más adulto en el hecho de que muestran diferentes teorías de diferentes experimentos para que la persona que se encuentra en casa tenga la posibilidad de poder experimentar con ella y así poder tener un termino de científico.

Es una de las pocas series que quieren buscar el inicio y la solución a muchos conceptos y que hace que la gente se incite a buscar la solución junto a ellos.

NOTICIA 13:

Descubierta una sexta ‘letra genética’ en células de animales y plantas
7 MAY 2015 - 10:13 CEST

Cristina Sánchez Llamas.

Fuente: El País

http://elpais.com/elpais/2015/04/30/ciencia/1430412115_320870.html

Science:

Genetics

Summary of the new:

This news speaks to us about the discovery of a new fundamental letter in the genetics, which receives the name of metil-adenina (MA). The metil-adenina has the aptitude to mark the proper ADN to defend it from infectious bacteria. He tells to us that this new discovery has been tested in plants and in some types of animals. To finish he says to us that they hope to be able to find it in mammals and obtain its function.

Glossary:

Caenorhabditis elegans ,is a free-living (not parasitic), transparent nematode (roundworm), about 1 mm in length, that lives in temperate soil environments. The name is a blend of Greek (caeno- - recent, rhabditis - rod-like) and Latin (elegans - elegant). In 1900, Maupas initially named it Rhabditides elegans, Osche placed it in the subgenusCaenorhabditis in 1952, and in 1955, Dougherty raised it to the status of genus.

Epigenetics (epigenética) refers to the study of all those non-genetic factors involved in the determination of ontogeny or development of an organism from the fertilized egg to its senescence, passing by the adult form; and that also intervenes in the heritable regulation of gene expression without a change in the sequence of nucleotides. One can say that Epigenetics is the set of chemical reactions and other processes that modify the activity of the DNA but without altering its sequence.

Methylation (metilación): is the addition of a methyl group (-CH3) to a molecule. In developmental biology, methylation is the main epigenetic mechanism. Here the methylation involves the transfer of some of the cytokines bases methyl groups (C) DNA located on and adjacent to a guanine (G).

Valoración crítica:

En esta noticia como ya he explicado anteriormente nos habla sobre temas genéticos, más concretamente sobre el descubrimiento de una nueva letra fundamental en la genética, que recibe el nombre de metil-adenina (MA). El nucleótido de metil-adenina tiene la capacidad de marcar el ADN adecuado para defenderlo de las bacterias infecciosas. Nos dice que este nuevo descubrimiento ha sido testado en plantas y en algunos tipos de animales. Para terminar nos dice que esperan poder encontrar este nucleótido en mamíferos y obtener su función en este tipo de animal.

Hasta el día de hoy todos sabíamos de la existencia de diferentes letras utilizadas en la genética, letras que representas los nucleótidos adenina (A), citosina (C), guanina (G) y timina (T) no son las únicas letras en la naturaleza. De sobra es conocido la existencia del uracilo (U) en las cadenas de ARN (la copia que sale del núcleo celular del ADN). Además también se ha descubierto otro esencial en las células eucariotas, llamado metil-citosina, este fue descubierto hace poco, por diferentes científicos.

Se lleva mucho tiempo estudiando la genética de una manera muy profunda, porque como todos sabemos esta nos afecta directamente a todos nosotros, por ella podríamos decir que somos quien somos, y por ella somos como somos. Ella es la base de nuestra existencia, y si conseguimos entenderla es probable que descubramos muchas cosas de nosotros que aún no conocíamos.

Esta noticia nos muestra lo increíble que puede llegar a ser la ciencia y la diferencia que causaría la ignorancia en un mundo como el nuestro.

En mi opinión todas estas actitudes de investigación se llevan a cabo por el hecho de que cosas que parecen insignificantes pueden variar mucho muestra existencia, pueden cambiar todo lo que conocíamos y darnos respuesta a muchas de las preguntas que nos planteamos durante nuestra vida.